To attain the goal of optimum water and nutrient use efficiency, precision irrigation management uses the most effective irrigation techniques. For precision irrigation management, it is crucial to comprehend spatial field variation. As a constant and user-friendly source of data, satellite sensors and remote sensing technology have the potential to improve water management in irrigated areas and estimate crop water demand. Crop simulation models are used in irrigation management and crop production, and they have shown to be quite helpful in improving knowledge of the functioning of agricultural systems. Crop models running in real time can furnish data on irrigation development and yield progression of the crop. As a new technique for managing precision irrigation, a synergy between remote sensing and crop simulation models can be suggested.

Microbial insecticides are the exploitation of diseases causing organisms to reduce the population of insect pests below damaging levels. The microorganism?s that have been found suitable for microbial control are fungi, bacteria, viruses, protozoa and nematodes. Over 3000 micro organisms have been reported to cause diseases in insect, viruses, protozoa, and nematodes. Among these bacteria are the potential microbial control agents and among them, Bacillus thuringiensis proved to be the superior one against lepidopteran caterpillars. Entomopathogenic nematodes are microscopic round worms that attack and kill insect caterpillars/ grub and thy continue their life cycle by reproducing with in the dead host. Spores of the entomopathogenic fungus adhere to the insect skin and on germination penetrate the body wall eventually killing the insect. The most commonly used are Metarhizium anisoplea against coconut rhinocerous beetle, Fusarium palidosarum against cowpea aphid and Paecilomyces liliaceneus against white flies. Cautious application of microbial insecticides will provide good control of insect pests, chiefly available and eco-friendly in nature.

Improving livelihood of farm women creates a positive environment in the social and economic development of the nation. For rural women, agri-entrepreneurship is one of the sustainable livelihood approaches where the limited resources are skillfully utilized and value added to enhance income and employment of people. The resource base and needs of farm women of Jaguleipadar, Kanas, Puri were studied and a Custom Hiring Centre (CHC) was established to improve their livelihood. A Women Farmers Interest Group (WFIG) was created involving farm women from a number of SHGs for smooth running of the CHC. A spice grinding machine was installed in the CHC for value addition of farm produce and to improve the livelihood opportunity of the farmwomen and farmers. Besides, the CHC was also provided with various agricultural tools and equipments. The CHC supplied equipments and tools to needy farm women/ farmers on hiring basis which strengthened the financial base of the WFIG besides the income earned through the use of spice grinding machine.